Kidney stones are small stones that form in the kidneys and move down in the pipe e urine (ureter).
These stones which cause pain at the puncture back down, channel urine or stomach underneath.
In the bladder, stones can clog channels urine (urethra) and the small void that is difficult and painful exit.
Composition of kidney stones:
1. calcium
2. oxalate
3. phosphate
Causes:
1. Drink less so that the body's metabolic system is not running optimally. Fluid
needed to take a variety of poisons in the body is not sufficient. This resulted
in the urin experience so that condensation forms, such as grain stone.
2. The body produces acid strand in the blood is too excessive
3. Infections that occur in the kidneys form kidney stones ease.
4. Genetic factors. If found one family member suffering from kidney stones, is
almost possible to seed the same potential.
Foods that should be avoided for people with kidney stones:
1. Rhubarb
2. Spinach
3. Soybean Crackers
4. Beans
5. Brown
6. Sweet potatoes
Fruits that contain oxalate in the medium size, but that can be consumed with the appropriate measure:
1. Wine
2. Celery
3. Gtits
4. Green pepper
5. Raspbery red
6. Fruit cake
7. Strawberry
8. Marmalade
9. Liver
Facts about kidney stones:
1. Scientists find a kidney stone on the mummy of Egypt's oldest aged 7000 years.
2. According to the medical record, as many as three million patients have complaints
on the kidneys, and half a million into its emergency room because it detected a
kidney stone.
3. Most kidney stones will come out by itself without the intervention of the
medical. This is the normal scale. But if the disease is severe, required more
handling by doing surgery.
4. From the survey, the Caucasus has more potential kidney stone disease compared to
the Afro-American.
5. Usually men will experience kidney stones at the age of 40 years and increases
dramatically when the reach the age of 70 years. Meanwhile, women around the age
of 50 years.
Signs:
1. The first complaint that is felt very sharp pain, or severe on the lower back,
waist or the bottom of the stomach, or specifically the male sex organ in the base.
2. Sometimes the urine channel stopped so difficult to dispose of urine, or can not
do at all. Blood will out when people began to move small
3. Urinary system infections may occur simultaneously.
Action:
1. Drink lots of water.
2. If the patient does not improve the drinking water or if he has fever, he must
take pills sulfonamid, ampicillin, or tetracycline. Note carefully about its
dosage and warnings.
3. Also give aspirin or paregoric and other antispasmodik
4. Try urinating in a lie. This sometimes makes a stone in the urine matrix scrolling
back and release the cork on a hole for the mouth of the channel urine
5. In the case of heavy, ask for the help of a doctor. Sometimes surgery is needed
(surgery).
Medicine
Small stones that do not cause symptoms, or stoppage of infection, usually does not need treated. Drinking lots of fluids will increase the formation of urine and water to help remove some of the stone; if the stone was removed, so do not need treatment immediately. Kolik renalis be reduced by the sedative drug. Stone in the pelvis the ureter or renalis the top of the measuring 1 centimeter or less can often be solved by ultrasonic waves (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ESWL). Fraction of stone will be removed in the urine of water. Sometimes a stone was through a small slice in the skin (percutaneous nephrolithotomy, nefrolitotomi perkutaneus), followed by ultrasonic treatment. Small stones in the lower part of the ureter can be lifted with the endoscope is inserted through uretra and into the bladder. Stone sour nerves sometimes will gradually dissolve in the water environment of urine basa (for example by giving potassium citric), but other stones can not be solved this way. Stone sour greater muscle, which caused the stoppage, should be appointed through the surgery. There is a stone struvit indicate the occurrence of channel urine infection, so antibiotics are given.
From my other blog
Stone Kidney
Addictive substances
Addictive substances are substances or chemicals that could overwhelm the brain's nerve cells, especially "Reward Circuit" or the path of joy with dopamine, the chemicals that regulate the nature of love, attention, awareness, and other functions. As the key to life, the brain is set up to ensure people repeat the fun activities. Encouragement excess of pleasurable sensation, teaches the brain to repeat the events that led to the recorded fantasy is often beyond the control and over time the image of the brain's addiction manifested in the physical form of assessment, learning, memory and feelings from the heart.
Addictive substances can affect the brain in various ways:
• stimulant (to make people feel more energetic).
• Depressant (Bringing a sense of relaxation).
• Hallucinogens (Change the way a person experiences significant experience).
Addictive substances can be legal or illegal, now legal classified:
• Caffeine, for example: coffee, tea, soda, and drink to sports, and coffee has about 2 times more caffeine amongst others, well, if excessive, it will cause difficulty sleeping, increased heart rate, headaches, anxiety and nausea .
• Nicotine, for example: cigarettes, cigars, pieces of nicotine, coffee and nicotine is a stimulant, which increases dopamine and adrenaline. Excess adrenaline will increase heart rate and blood pressure, and leads to high blood sugar.
• Alcohol, for example: Wine (wine), beer (beer), Liquor) is a type of alcohol including Depressant that affect the nervous system that leads to relaxation, drowsiness, coma, and death.
• Inhalants, eg aerosol, solvents (for cleaning materials), nitrous gases, these products ranging from paint thinner, hair spray into the propane tank, high inhalation with alcohol, even a 1-time use of inhaled can kill or cause heart failure.
Some addictive substances are specifically available or combined with prescription drugs:
• Amphetamine, for example, speed, crystal meth, a stimulant which belong to increase alertness and concentration, the goal for treatment, but many actors who mensalahgunakan in excessive doses to addicts.
• Sedative-hypnotic, or drug-drug mortgages, for example Benzodiazepines Xanax, Valium, barbiturates, Seconol, phenobarbital. Benzodiazepines are also classified as depressants because it can decrease brain activity. This is a prescription medication for insomnia, anxiety, and attacks and symptoms of bipolar depression. Even some ketch of sleeping pills, a drug used to numb, can cause coma, respiratory symptoms or death.
• Opioids, for example: Heroin, morphine, oxycodone, codeine and other drugs, mix ingredients well this drug for pain relief, and dangerous if misused, because it will lead to addiction and damage to the brain and body.
The following are classified as addictive substances are Illegal:
• Cannabis, for example: Marijuana, cannabis. His influence can make the user relaxed and if the use of more then happy to menimbulan feeling mentally and physically, and hallucinations, the long-term usage can be addictive and damaging nerves.
• Cocain, for example: cocaine, crack-cocain, making the wearer feel happy physical, spiritual, improve the performance of the body, prior to the turmoil of depression and paranoia, can use smoked, inhaled, burned and shot. This substance can cause brain damage, body and addiction.
• Hallucinogens, eg, LSD, Ecstasy, these substances can change the feeling, the change of time, colors, sounds and thoughts of their own, and users will still cause damage to the brain, nervous system, and the behavior of uncontrolled emotion.
• Phencyclidine (PCP), for example: Angel dust, ketamin, this substance causes numbness, and only for animal use, users of these substances can change the nature of a person to be loud, angry, suicidal and contraction of muscles and bones cracked.
From several source
Image from : duniafajar.blogspot.com
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Jerman History
Germany has a long history of statehood and unique. Initially, the German form of German Unity, the German 1871 German empire-shaped stand. After World War II German Empire was divided into two States namely West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) and East Germany (German Democratic Republic).
Both countries had a different ideology. Since unification (unification) of West Germany and East Germany in 1990, Germany has an official name known as the Federal Republic of Germany. As Germany is now composed of 39 sovereign Federation, Berlin is the capital of that State.
Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is a country in Central Europe. Countries with a long history in the west is bordered by the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France. On the south by Switzerland and Austria. On the east by the Czech and Polish.
To the north is bordered by Danish. This country once had an area much wider than the present and also had a politically divided since the end of World War II, exactly on October 7, 1949 until October 3, 1990, in the eastern part of the country controlled by the communist regime and called the German Democratic Republic (East Germany, or Deutsche Demokratische Republic abbreviated DDR).
Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898)
Unification of Germany under Prussian hegemony into a political goal since statesman Bismarck was appointed as prime minister by the Prussian King Wilhelm I in 1862. After the war against Austria in 1866 and the dissolution of the German States, founded the North German States, followed by 17 small German states under Prussian leadership.
Following the victory in the war against France 1870-71 Second German Empire was founded, and William I was proclaimed emperor at Versailles. Bismarck still served as prime minister, but also become the Kingdom Chancellor of Germany.
As a newly established institution legislature, the Reichstag, which is elected directly, but still limited legislative rights. Bismarck staunchly opposed left liberalism, the Catholic political movement and democratic socialist parties.
On the other hand, law created the social security of the most progressive in Europe for his efforts during the 1880s. Severe conflict with Emperor Wilhelm II, who ascended the throne in 1888 culminated in the sacking of the "Iron Chancellor" in 1890.
NaziNazi Germany or the Third Reich, refers primarily to the period from 1933 to 1945, when Adolf Hitler led the German nation as a dictator and spreading the ideology of national-socialism (Nationalsozialismus). Reich is the German word for "kingdom". Called the kingdom because the kingdom's first third is the Holy Roman Empire, while the second is the kingdom of the German Empire.
Germany in this period grew from the defeated nations of World War I to become one of the largest military force in the world. At the same time also the political force that raised racist and demeaning Aryans other races. Especially the Jews discriminated against and collected to be killed in concentration camps. In addition to the Jews by the Nazis also slaughtered people discriminate and Gypsies (Roma and Sinti) and the Slavs.
Nazi Germany ended when they lost World War II against the Soviet Union and the Allied forces led by the United States. As a result of the defeat of Germany was then divided the country into the Federal Republic of Germany in the west and the German Democratic Republic in the east and the area east of the Oder and Neisse rivers was given to Poland and the Soviet Union.
German history begins with the establishment of the ancient Roman era in the 8th century, and then went into the Holy Roman Empire from the 9th century until the year 1806. At its greatest power, this imperial territory consists of Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Czech, West Poland, eastern France, Switzerland, and the modern northern Italy. After the mid-16th century, when he lost a lot of territory, the empire is called the "Holy Roman Empire of the German state".
History followed by the German Confederation of 1815-1866, the German Empire in 1871-1918, and 1919-1933 years of the Weimar Republic. Appears Nazi Germany 1933-1945 Adolf Hitler and the outbreak of World War. After that, came the influence after the war with the splitting of Germany from 1945 until 1990 and penyatuannya.
About German NameThe name of the Germans (Indonesian taken from the name used in English) is known by the names of different: Germany (with variations, for example, used in Indonesian and English), Allemania (with variations, used for example by French, Spanish, and Arabic), saksa (used by the Finnish language) and also Deutsch (with variations, used for example by the German, Swedish, and Dutch).
From my Indonesian Blog
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